Ozimitsa moto ndi omwe amateteza miyoyo ya anthu ndi katundu wawo, pomwe magalimoto ozimitsa moto ndi zida zofunika kwambiri zomwe ozimitsa moto amadalira pothana ndi moto ndi masoka ena. Galimoto yoyamba padziko lonse yozimitsa moto ya injini yoyaka moto (injini yoyaka moto yamkati imayendetsa galimoto ndi pampu yozimitsa moto) idapangidwa ku Germany mu 1910, ndipo galimoto yoyamba yozimitsa moto ya dziko langa idapangidwa mu 1932 ndi Shanghai Aurora Machinery Iron Factory. Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa New China, chipanichi ndi boma zidayika kufunika kwakukulu pakukula kwa chitetezo cha moto. Mu 1965, Dipatimenti yakale ya Moto ya Unduna wa Zachitetezo cha Anthu (yomwe tsopano ndi Dipatimenti Yopulumutsa Moto ya Emergency Management Department) idakhazikitsa Fakitale ya Zida Zozimitsa Moto ya Shanghai, Fakitale ya Zida Zozimitsa Moto ya Changchun ndi Fakitale ya Makina Ozimitsa Moto ya Aurora. Opanga magalimoto adapanga ndikupanga limodzi galimoto yoyamba yozimitsa moto yopangidwa mochuluka ku New China, galimoto yozimitsa moto ya CG13, ku Shanghai, ndipo idakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo mu 1967. Ndi chitukuko chachuma cha anthu, makampani a magalimoto ozimitsa moto mdziko langa nawonso apita patsogolo mwachangu kwambiri, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magalimoto ozimitsa moto monga magalimoto onyamula moto ndi magalimoto opulumutsa anthu mwadzidzidzi awonekera.
Galimoto yoyamba yozimitsa moto ku China (chitsanzo cha Nyumba Yosungiramo Zinthu Zozimitsa Moto ku China)
Ubwino wa magalimoto ozimitsa moto umagwirizana mwachindunji ndi momwe magalimotowo amagwirira ntchitokuzimitsa motondi magulu opulumutsa anthu pochita ntchito zozimitsa moto ndi kupulumutsa anthu, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji chitetezo cha miyoyo ya anthu ndi katundu wawo. Chifukwa chake, kusintha miyezo yake ndikofunikira kuti magulu ozimitsa moto ndi opulumutsa anthu azigwira bwino ntchito polimbana. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti magalimoto ozimitsa moto akugwira ntchito bwino komanso kudalirika, mu 1987, Mtsogoleri Li Enxiang wa bungwe lakale la Shanghai Fire Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security (lomwe tsopano ndi Shanghai Fire Research Institute of the Emergency Management Department, lomwe limatchedwa "Shangxiao Institute") adatsogolera kupanga galimoto yoyamba yozimitsa moto mdziko langa. Muyezo wofunikira wadziko lonse wazinthu "Zofunikira pakuchita bwino kwa galimoto yozimitsa moto ndi njira zoyesera" (GB 7956-87). Mtundu wa 87 wa muyezo wa galimoto yozimitsa moto umayang'ana kwambiri kuwunika momwe magalimoto amagwirira ntchito komanso kudalirika, monga momwe galimoto imagwirira ntchito mwachangu, kuthamanga kwa madzi pampu, nthawi yokweza galimoto yokweza, ndi zina zotero, makamaka pakugwira ntchito kosalekeza kwa pampu yozimitsa moto, nthawi yogwira ntchito kosalekeza, ndi zina zotero. Kafukufuku wambiri woyesera ndi kutsimikizira kwachitika, ndipo zinthu zokhudzana ndi mayeso a hydraulic performance ndi njira zoyesera zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka pano. Kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa muyezo umenewu kunathandiza kwambiri pakukweza magwiridwe antchito a hydraulic ndi mphamvu zozimitsira moto za magalimoto ozimitsa moto panthawiyo.
Mu 1998, kope loyamba losinthidwa la GB 7956 "Zofunikira pa Ntchito ndi Njira Zoyesera za Magalimoto Ozimitsa Moto" linatulutsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutengera mtundu wa 87 wa muyezo, mtundu uwu umaphatikiza mikhalidwe yeniyeni yadziko lonse yopanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto ozimitsa moto ndi miyezo ndi malamulo oyenera a magalimoto omwe ayenera kutsatiridwa. Imawongolera magwiridwe antchito olimbana ndi moto komanso kudalirika kwa zinthu zoyesera zozimitsa moto, ndikukonzanso magwiridwe antchito a mabuleki a magalimoto ozimitsa moto. Zofunikira ndi njira zoyesera zawongolera kusinthasintha kwa kasinthidwe ka magalimoto ozimitsa moto. Kawirikawiri, mtundu wa 98 wa muyezo wa magalimoto ozimitsa moto umalandira lingaliro lonse la mtundu wa 87, makamaka kuyang'ana kwambiri pakukweza magwiridwe antchito a galimoto yozimitsa moto.
Ndi chitukuko chachangu cha makampani opanga magalimoto mdziko langa, ukadaulo wozimitsa moto ndi kupulumutsa, komanso kufalikira kwa ntchito za magulu ozimitsa moto ndi opulumutsa, mitundu ya magalimoto ozimitsa moto yakhala yosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Mitundu yonse ya zipangizo zatsopano, ukadaulo watsopano, zida zatsopano, ndi njira zatsopano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mochuluka. Zofunikira pa chitetezo ndi kusinthidwa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto ozimitsa moto zikuchulukirachulukira, ndipo mtundu wa 98 wa muyezo wa magalimoto ozimitsa moto pang'onopang'ono sungathe kukwaniritsa zosowa za chitukuko cha zinthu za magalimoto ozimitsa moto. Pofuna kusintha zosowa za mkhalidwe watsopano, kuyika msika wa magalimoto ozimitsa moto muyeso, ndikutsogolera chitukuko chaukadaulo cha zinthu za magalimoto ozimitsa moto, Komiti Yoyang'anira Malamulo a Dziko Lonse idapereka ntchito yokonzanso muyezo wa magalimoto ozimitsa moto wa GB 7956 ku Shanghai Consumer Consumers Institute mu 2006. Mu 2009, muyezo watsopano wa dziko lonse wa GB 7956 "Fire Truck" unaperekedwa kuti uwunikenso. Mu 2010, ofesi yakale ya moto ya Unduna wa Zachitetezo cha Anthu (yomwe tsopano ndi Fire Rescue Bureau of the Ministry of Emergency Management) inaganiza kuti magalimoto ambiri omwe anali mu muyezowo sanali oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito muyezowo, ndipo inaganiza zogawa muyezowo m'magawo ang'onoang'ono ofanana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magalimoto ozimitsa moto, zomwe zinapanga GB muyezo wadziko lonse wa magalimoto ozimitsa moto a 7956. Kupanga mndandanda wonse wa miyezo ya magalimoto ozimitsa moto kunayang'aniridwa ndi Director Fan Hua, Researcher Wan Ming, ndi Associate Researcher Jiang Xudong wa Shanghai Consumer Institute. Ikuphatikizapo miyezo 24 yang'onoang'ono (mwa yomwe 12 yaperekedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito, 6 yaperekedwa kuti ivomerezedwe, ndipo kutumiza kuti kuwunikenso kwatha. 6), yomwe imafotokoza zofunikira zaukadaulo pazinthu za magalimoto ozimitsa moto, komanso zofunikira zaukadaulo zamitundu 37 ya zinthu za magalimoto ozimitsa moto m'magulu 4, kuphatikiza kuzimitsa moto, kunyamula, ntchito yapadera, ndi chitetezo.
Msonkhano Wotsatsa Wamba wa GB7956.1-2014
Miyezo ya dziko lonse ya GB 7956 yopangidwa kumene ndi yofunikira kwa nthawi yoyamba kukhala dongosolo lonse lathunthu la magalimoto oyaka moto ku China. Zigawo zaukadaulo zikuphatikiza mbali zosiyanasiyana za kapangidwe, kupanga, kuwunika, kuvomereza, ndi kukonza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magalimoto oyaka moto. Zomwe zili mkati mwake ndi zokwanira ndipo zizindikiro zake ndizoyenera. , Yofanana kwambiri ndi kumenyana ndi moto weniweni, kugwira ntchito mwamphamvu, komanso yogwirizana ndi miyezo ya magalimoto aku China, malamulo oyendetsera zinthu zoteteza moto, ndi malamulo otsimikizira magalimoto oyaka moto ndi malamulo ndi miyezo ina. Yachita gawo lofunikira pakulimbikitsa chitukuko cha makampani oyaka moto aku China komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo. . Pakukonzekera mndandanda wa miyezo, chidziwitso chapamwamba cha opanga magalimoto oyaka moto aku China ndi akunja chatchulidwa. Zambiri mwazofunikira zaukadaulo zimapezeka kudzera mu kafukufuku wamkati ndi wakunja komanso ziwonetsero zoyesera. Zofunikira zingapo zaukadaulo ndi njira zoyesera zaperekedwa koyamba kunyumba ndi kunja. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ufulu wodziyimira pawokha waukadaulo walimbikitsa kusintha mwachangu kwa mtundu wa magalimoto oyaka moto akudziko langa ndikufulumizitsa magwiridwe antchito azinthu zakunja.
Kuyesa kutsimikizira magwiridwe antchito a hydraulic a galimoto yozimitsa moto ya thovu
Yesani kutsimikizira kupsinjika ndi kupsinjika pa boom ya galimoto yozimitsa moto yokwezedwa
Kutsimikizira Kukhazikika kwa Galimoto Yozimitsa Moto Yokwezedwa
Muyezo wa magalimoto oyaka moto wa GB 7956 si maziko ofunikira aukadaulo opezera msika ndi kuyang'anira bwino magalimoto oyaka moto, komanso zidziwitso zaukadaulo zopangira zinthu ndi kupanga opanga magalimoto oyaka moto. Nthawi yomweyo, umaperekanso mwayi wogula, kulandira, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kukonza magalimoto oyaka moto kwa magulu opulumutsa moto. Umapereka chitsimikizo chodalirika chaukadaulo. Kuphatikiza pa kukhazikitsidwa kwathunthu ndi mabizinesi, mabungwe owunikira ndi ziphaso m'maiko osiyanasiyana, mndandanda wa miyezowu wamasuliridwanso m'Chingerezi ndi Chijeremani ndi opanga magalimoto oyaka moto akunja ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mabungwe otsimikizira ndi kuyesa ku Europe ndi America. Kutulutsidwa kwa mndandanda wa miyezo wa GB 7956 kumakhazikitsa malamulo ogwira mtima ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko ndi kupita patsogolo kwa makampani oyaka moto, kumathandizira kupuma pantchito ndikuchotsa ukadaulo wakale ndi zinthu zakale, ndipo kwakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakukweza mulingo wa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha magalimoto ozimitsa moto mdziko langa komanso kumanga zida zamagulu opulumutsa moto. Ngakhale kuti ikupereka zopereka zofunika kwambiri pakuteteza miyoyo ndi katundu wa anthu, idalimbikitsanso malonda apadziko lonse lapansi ndi kusinthana kwaukadaulo kwa zinthu zoyaka moto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale phindu lalikulu pazachuma komanso chikhalidwe. Chifukwa chake, mndandanda wa miyezo udapambana mphoto yachitatu ya Mphotho ya 2020 China Standard Innovation Contribution Award.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-11-2021